Matrix



1933- J. A. DE GOYER MATRIX Filed Jan. 4, 19:52

v 2 3 /5 A? a Patented Aug. 15, 1933 when .g AT

l l /IATRIX 7 John A. de Goyer, Os t'Parlz, Ill. I V Anplicat o ary 4. law Serial No. 584,662

of making by the use of fie ible paper involves the formation or" the paper mat 1g thesanie when fiat onto the type matter and then Cl the paper matrix to cylindrical formation from which the urved stereotype plates can then be produced. In this process, which is Well known, difiiculties are sometimes encountered iiisecuring proper impressions, particularly of the larger letters and other characters. This arises, it is believed, from fact that the curving of the paper matrices causes the impressions of the larger characters to be distorted, usually becoming shallower due to the stretching of the material of the paper matrices because of the curvature imparte-d'thereto in order to form a cylindrical stereotype plate.

ecognized that such difficulties can be overcome by causing deeper impressions to he iii'the paper matrices, particularly of the larger in order to form deeper impressions in letters. paper matrix: it is of course necessary to'provide type havingra somewhat higher type face than is customarily standard. Type, particularl the larger sizes, are generallyformed in'type casting" faces it would, of course, be a simple matter to procure new matrices in which the intaglio character is cut deeper, but this would entail the dis:

carding of considerable quantities of the standard,

or existiim matrices on hand and the purchase of new matrices at considerable expense/ With the above factors in mind, the present invention conteniplatesthe provision of a means and method for utilizing standard or existing matrices in the production of type having high type faces in order toimprove impression made by the type cast therefrom; More paricularly, it is'the object of the present invention the provision of cam,

a. (Cl rui -4012) so onto the face of standard matrices an. additional film or layer of metal or thelikebutithout filling the intaglio impression, with the it that by the use of standard matrices so atsd or pi pared type may be cast which have type faces. Q

its stated above, standard type matrices-are a Ty formed of alloys having an and a number oi factors must he kept in Lane terial onto the iacejol' the matrices. Such alloys" usually have a inelting pointof approximately 7.200 in applying the additional mate rial by losing it is, as Will be recognized, ne

'y to n s i What less than 1269 F.,otherwisethe delicate outlines and counters of the intaglio character on the matrix may be disturbed and the matrix damaged, At the same time, thematerialde posited must have sufficient hardness and re sistance at the temperature of fusing of'type metal, so that the added accretion of" metal on the face of the matrix will not be softened or disturbed during' the process of casting" a type" therefrom. It is'al'so necessary to provide a good, hand between the aluminuin'alloy of the matrix and the metal'depositedthereon in order to produce a type matrix havinga sat'siactorily long life. These and, other objectsoi the present invention are accomplished by the inean s and method later to be described indetailf i 1 Inthe drawing illustrating, by way 0i e a1n ple, the preferred embodiment or" the present in-' vention: V I Figure l is a perspective view illustrating a standardty-pe matrix with a deposition of metal on the face thereof in order to cast type having high type faces, a portion of the 'de'positionof" metal being broken away; Figure is a cross sectional view illustrating the tinned surfale of the matrix andfthaapplicatiorl or heat resistant material in the intaglio chaacter of the matrix for the purpose of protee; is the surface thereof; Y

Figure 3 illustrates the second application-of heat resisting material-and the body of addi tional metal fused onto the face of the matrix; and v Figure 4 illustrates the ma'trixafter the heat resistant material and other matter has-been cleared out of the intaglio impressionof the matrix and the fused film or. layer of additional metal routed out or cut back at a slightly greater 1'10;

hen fusing'any additionalmae 65 employ a fusing temperature some- 70 angle than the angle of the intaglio impression in the matrix.

In Figure 1 the reference numeral 1 indicates a conventional or standard matrix having a flat face 2 in which is cut, in intaglio, a character forming impression 3 for the purpose of forming the face of a type, the matrix illustrated serving to form the letter W. As is well understood in the art, these matrices are used to form one end of a mold in which the type is cast. The depth of the intaglio impression 3 governs, of course, the height of the type face cast therefrom.

In order to increase the height of type face while still using standard matrices the present invention contemplates depositing, as by fusing, a. film or layer of metal onto the face 2 of the matrix, thereby increasing the effective depth of the intaglio impression 3.

It is also necessary to deposit a substance onto.

the face of the matrix which has a melting point wellabove the melting point of the usual type metal or otherwise the'new face of the matrix will be destroyed after a few operations. It is also necessary to employ a substance whose melting point is somewhat below the melting point ..of the matrix or otherwise the application of the substance by fusing or'the like to the matrix would tend to distort or destroy the delicate lines and edges of the intaglio impression of the matrix. Further, it is also necessary to provide a strong bond so that the mechanical stresses involved in casting type and in removing the same from the matrix and from the mold will not tend to remove the additional metal added to the standard matrix.

In preparing a standard matrix or casting type aving high type faces I first provide a frame 5 having shoulders 6 dimensioned to receive oneor more of the matrices. If desired, the frames may have a ridge or ridges to engage one or more of the grooves in the matrices. This frame may be any convenient size or arrangement, and is only for the purpose of providing a convenient workholder to contain the matrices. In order to protect the smooth hard surface of the intaglio vimpressionB and also to prevent the deposition of material therein, first I entirely fill the intagliated portions of the matrix with heat resi'stant material, such as clay or any'other argillaceous material up to approximately 1/64 of an inch of the surface 2 of the matrix. In Figure 2 the heat resistant material is indicated by the reference numeral 9.

Thenext step involves the tinning of the surface of the matrix. Preferably this is accommelting point aluminum solder which is applied to the face of the matrix after the heat resisting material 9 has dried to a material-extent. Usually'this requires allowing the matrices to stand -for some little time, depending upon the material used. The matrices, preferably disposed in the work holders, are preheated, as by placing them over a gas flame or being otherwise subjected to a source of heat. The high melting 7 point aluminum solder is then applied at a temperature approximately630 F. to 650 F., and

Standard matrices are generally formed of .an

plished by using any commercial form of high during the application of the solder it is very desirable to brush the face of the matrix with abrading tools, such as steel brushes and the like, in order to secure an intimate bond between the solder and the material of the matrix. I have found that with the use of such tools as steel brushes and the like the surface 2 of the matrix is roughened and minute particles of the matrix material are detached so that there is actually formed an alloy disposed between and blending with the material of the matrix and the material of the solder. As a source of heat for this operation an ordinary blow torch or a gas flame has been found to be satisfactory. The result of this operation is indicated in Figure 2 where the reference numeral 10 designates the tinned surface of the mold or the thin film of solder bonded and actually alloyed with the face 2 of the matrix. As shown in this figure a portion of the tinned surface extends down into the intaglio impression 3 to a point where it meets with the heat resistant material 9.' This assures that the edge or shoulder of the intaglio impression 3 receives a full and'complete application of the aluminum solder.

The next step is 'to wash out the heat resistant material 9.by the application of water or other solvent. This is done, of course, when the tinned matrices have cooled after the application of one high melting point aluminum solder. Preferably, this cooling is done in air so that the matrices may cool gradually. After all of the old heat resistant material has been removed a fresh supply is again introduced into the intaglio impression 3, this second mass of heat resistant material beingindicated in Figure 3 by the reference numeral 12. As there shown, however, the material 12 is disposed so as to entirely fill the intaglio impression 3 and to also extend a distance above the tinned surface 2 of the matrix somewhat greater than ,the thickness of the material to be added to theface of the matrix. The heat resistant material extending above the plane of the face of the matrix is cut back a slight amount from the edges of the intaglio, as indicated at 13 in Figure 3, so that the heat resisting material abovethe face of the matrix is somewhat narrower than the width of the intaglio.

Not only may the intagliated portions 3 of the matrix be filled with heat resistant material but also any counters 15 may be covered by the application of the heat resistant material'thereto so as to prevent any deposition of metal thereon, see Figure 1. v

The next step is the application or deposition of the metal to be fused onto the face 2 of the matrix. Preferably. the metal employed is that which is commercially available in the form of cast aluminum welding rods, ordinarily used in] up to approximately the melting point of the aluminum solder with which the face of the matrix has been tinned, as described above, this being approximately 625 F. to 650 F. When this temperature has been attained the tinned surface of nezaesr the; matrix: is a. molten state or: thereabouts. tins point has heenreachedthe cast alumi' num welding rod is heatedby the application of a. torch flame. or the like: until it is approaching itspoint: of fusion,- then. the rod is applied to the nmltentinnedsmface; of the matrix so that the material fused from the aluminum welding rodis run into.: the already molten tinned surface." and joins the same. moved. fromplace to; place. about the; face: of the nmlcl without taking the: point'thereof out. of the molten. tinned surface. so that any slag or: oxide will remain on top and will not be'impregnated within the body of the metal deposited or fused onto the'face of the matrix. Preferably the frames or work-holders: are so formed: that they extend above the face of the matrix a distance slightly in excess of the depth" or thickness of materialit. is=desired to add to the matrix( These work holders thus serve as gauges, for as soon as the pool ofi fused material fills the space above the faceiof the matrix up to the topof the work holder the operator knows that sufficient material has been added: to. the matrix. Generally approxi-- mately: 0.038 of an inch is satisfactory for the thicknessof the material added to the face of the matrix.

Thisxlepositi'on of metal, indicated by the ref orence numeral 17 onto the face of the-matrix. is continued until the film or layei added isof therequieed thickness. Due to the intimate bond originally established between the aluminum so1- der and the original face of the matrix and due also the to fusing of the aluminum welding material into the molten tinned surface an intimate bond is established between the deposition of metal and the body of the matrix. By melting the cast aluminum welding rod into the molten tinned surface a deposition of metal is alloyed or fused onto the surface of the matrix 1, the constituency and the characteristics of the metal depending upon the composition of the aluminum solder and aluminum welding material chosen. Thus, there is built up or alloyed onto the face of the matrix a metallic material whose characteristics, such as hardness, softness, melting points and the like, are determined at the time of application.

After the matrices have been allowed to gradually cool and the deposition hardened the heat intaglio and the face of the matrix.

The last operation includes milling the new surfaces of the matrices to the required height and then routing out the intaglio 3 to trim the edges thereof. This operation is of considerable importance in that it is desirable to cut back the metal deposited at a slightly'greater angle than the angle of the original intaglio so that there will be no danger of the type sticking to the matrix during the casting operation, as indicated in Figure 4 by the reference numeral 20.

While the preferred method of preparing standard matrices is set forth above it will be apparent to those skilled in the art thetmany modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention. For example;

Preferably, the welding rod is the: face of. the matrix.

in solder with such welding where the-high meltin point aluminum solder of heat necessary to fuse this material onto the face of thematrix may be great enough to produeei a temperature. sufficient to destroy or distortthe intaglio character or impression out in Hence the mixture of some of the alumir nateriaiwill. form a compound having the required melting point which. is 'hi lrenough not to" be disturbed by thetemperature of hot type metal and is low enough netto disturb the inta lio: character of the matrix; i

It will also be understoodthat while the steps outlined above have been described in particular connection with the applioa'tion'of a. deposition of metal to the face of a type matrix the same.

steps may be-utilized in theid'eposition of metallic coatings and the like onto thesurfacefiof: objects other than type matrices; andsuch is to be contemplatedas falling within the scope of the present invention.

"It is to be further melting point aluminum solder and cast aluminum welding rods are preferred, other solders understood that while high and material with the same or different charl For example, where depositions and the like are I to be added to surfaces other than type matrix faces the characterictics and melting points of the material to be deposited should be chosen to correspond with the material of the surface tobe treated, in accordance with the principles out- 5 lined above. 1

What I claim therefore, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is;

1. The method of preparing a standard type matrix'for casting type having high type faces i which comprises fusing onto the surface of the matrix around the intaglio thereof a film of metal of substantial thickness and then clearing the intaglio of any of the fused metal therein.

2. The method of preparing a standardtype matrix for casting type having high typefaces which comprises filling the intagliated portions of the matrix with heat resistant materiaL'fusing metal onto the surface of the matrix around the intagliatedportions, and then clearing, out

the intaglio of the matrix.

3. The method of preparing a standard type matrix for casting type having high type faces which comprises filling the intagliated portions of the matrix with heat resistant material, tinning the face of the matrix, and fusing metal onto the surface of the matrix around the intagliated portions.

4. The method of preparing a standard type matrix for casting type having high type faces which comprises filling the intagliated portions of the matrix with heat resistant material; build-. ing up a pool of metal to the desired thickness onto the face of the matrix by the application material from a cast aluminum welding rod into the molten tinned surface by the application of additional heat to the rod.

6. The method of preparing a standard aluminum base type matrix for casting type havinghigh type face which comprises filling the intagliated portions of the matrix with heat resistant material up to a pointslightly below the face of the matrix, tinning the face of the matrix.

with aluminum solder having-a high melting point and simultaneously abrading the face of the matrix, to establish a film of alloyed material from the matrix and the solder therebetween, cooling the matrix and washing out said heat resistant material, again'filling the intagliated portions of the matrix with heat resistant material to'a point above the face of the matrix, heating the tinned matrix to the point of fusion of the solder, then fusing aluminum into the molten tinned surface of the matrix until the required additional material is added, cooling the matrix, washing out the heat resistant material;

milling the surface of the matrix to the required fusing into the molten surface an additional mass of aluminum.

. 8. .The method of. applyinga film of additional metal: to an aluminum base alloy by fusion which comprises tinning the surface of the aluminum.

alloy with high melting point aluminum solder and simultaneously abrading said surfaceto thoroughly bond the solder to the alloy, heating the alloysubstantially up to the point of fusion of the solder, then fusing into the molten tinned surface the metal tube added.

9. The method of applying a film of additiona metal to an aluminum base alloy by fusion which comprises tinning the surface of the aluminum alloy with aluminumsolder having a melting point between 600 F. and'650" Rand-simultaneously abrading said surface to thoroughly bond the. solder .to thealloy, heating the alloy substantiallyup'to the point of fusion of the solder, then fusing into the molten tinned surface additional aluminum containing metal having a melting point slightly lower than the melting point of the aluminum alloy. 7 JOHN A.. DE GOYER. 

